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Agents / Safety & Alignment

Automated Red Teaming for LLM Agents

Original: Agent Against Agent: An Agentic System for Automatic Prompt Injection Red Teaming

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Key Takeaways

  • PIMiner automates the discovery of prompt injection vulnerabilities without manual red teaming.
  • The system creates a strategy library from scratch and generalizes it to previously unseen target LLMs.
  • Efficiency is high, requiring only 10 queries per test sample to evaluate a target agent.
  • The method demonstrates strong performance, with Attack Success Rates (ASR) reaching up to 86.7% on standard benchmarks.

Summary & Methodology Analysis

PIMiner functions as an agentic system, which is a software framework where a model autonomously plans and executes tasks to reach a goal, designed to systematically probe LLM agents for prompt injection vulnerabilities. The workflow begins by training the system across a sequence of various dataset and target model pairs. During this phase, the system builds a library of attack strategies from the ground up, effectively mapping out potential vectors for exploitation. This library is then used to test unseen LLM targets, allowing the system to generalize its attack patterns without requiring model-specific fine-tuning, which is the process of updating a pre-trained model's weights on a specific dataset to specialize its behavior.

Interactive System Flowchart

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Cross-Examination & FAQs

A deeper dive clarifying mechanics, constraints, and baseline evaluations.

Q1. What is the primary goal of PIMiner?

To provide an efficient and generalizable method for red teaming LLM agents against prompt injection attacks.

Q2. Does this tool require manual setup for every target model?

No. PIMiner builds a strategy library that can be transferred to unseen target LLMs during test time.

Q3. How many queries does the system perform per test?

The system performs a small number of queries, specifically 10, per target agent per test sample.

Q4. How did PIMiner perform on the IPIArena benchmark?

It achieved a 76.2% ASR against Gemini-2.5-Pro, 61.9% ASR against GPT-5.1, and 42.9% ASR against Claude-Sonnet-4.5.

Q5. What were the results on the AgentDojo dataset?

It achieved an 86.7% ASR against Gemini-2.5-Pro, 53.3% ASR against GPT-5.1, and 40.0% ASR against Claude-Sonnet-4.5.

Q6. What specific models were used in the evaluation?

The evaluation utilized Gemini-2.5-Pro, GPT-5.1, and Claude-Sonnet-4.5.

Q7. Are there any known hardware limitations mentioned in the paper?

The paper does not specify any hardware limitations.

Q8. How does the system create its attack strategies?

It trains on a sequence of dataset and target model pairs to build a strategy library from scratch.

Q9. What are the limitations of PIMiner?

The paper does not specify any limitations.